Plastic hydrocolloid composition



Patented June 5, 1928. I

. UNITED STATES 1,672,776 PATENT OFFICE.

ALPHONS POLLER, OF WIEN, AUSTRIA, ASSIGNOR TO DIE rm BROTHERS LTD., '01! ZURICH, SWITZERLLND. I

PLASTIC 3 HYDBDCOLLOID COMPOSITION.

No Drawing Application filed September 4, 1926, Serial No. 188,726, and in Switzerland June 26, 1928.

The subject matter of the present invention is a reversible hydro-colloid mass i. e.,-

a solution of a reversible colloid which can serve for a great number of different purposes for instance for enabling castings to be taken from the oral cavity for dental purposes or from other parts of the living body for instance for artistic purposes. Modifications of the material may be used for cosmetic and dermatological purposes, whereby medicamental additions increase the favourable action of the material on the human skin.

As material intended for enabling castings to be taken from the oral cavity dentists have hitherto used several materials, for example gypsum. This material shows the disadvantages that it can only be removed from the mouth in pieces and the pieces have to be put together thereafter in a tedious manner. The breaking away of the pieces ofthe g sum mould endan ers pin teeth, bridges an the like of the patient as it forms a stone like ,mass when setting; further psum requires four to five minutes to solidi Moreover the natural forms and dimensions of the casting are apt to be altered'by a faulty putting together of the sin le parts of the gypsum negative so that artificial teeth and the like made after that negative do not fit and the gypsum ne' ative mould must be specially repared be ore a positive can be cast there rom.

Other materials used for moulding such as the known compositions of matter containing resin and wax displace the soft parts of the gum and do not mould. undercut por tions, the negative obtained by the use of these materials are in many cases quite faulty, for instance they drive the undercut parts of the negative towards the rear in the form of dove-tails.

Gutta-percha presents the drawback that it gets distorted on being withdrawn from the mouth of the patient. Furthermore the above three known moulding material are not sterile and it is very serious if the same.

piece of mouldin material is used successively for severa patients without being previously sterilize Hydro-colloid moulding masses cannot be used as they ran off the s on, the take too long a time for solidi ying ,or 0 not solidify at all inside'the mouth, or they do i not solidify sufliciently but remain soft and their application is inconvenient and the plaster castings produced of them are rough.

The moulding. material according to the present invention does not show the aforementioned short-comings and it is characterized b the fact that it contains in a hydro-col oid reversible mucilaginous base substance, caoutchouc, fatty substances and resins in a very fine distribution.

The base of the novel material are colloid substances of certain see-weeds or algaceous and similar plants, such as hai-thao or the Chinese dschin-dschen, as well as gelatineous substances of the character of glue of bones.

The sol obtained therefrom does not permit a thickening of such a degree that it can be used for the above mentioned purposes, as the mass is too sticky and its internal friction would become too great; furthermore it has not the desired consistency. I

Therefore first of all caoutchouc, i. e. india rubber in various forms is added, for instance as a solution in any of the known solvents, in the form of small threads spun from the finest nozzles and so on. The onl condition is that the caoutchouc is not vu canized neither before nor after its addition to the basic, substance, but that only non loaded pure, fresh caoutchouc is utilized and that it penetrates the entire mass partly in the shape of microscopic and ultra-microscopic small balls partly in the shape of elastic little threads, so that the mass gains in elasticity and coherence by this net-work of caoutchouc. An addition of glycerine' up to one third of the weight of the basic substance serves to maintain the mass moist, i. e. to protect it against desiccation.

In order to lower the internal friction and the. stickiness an addition of solid fatty substances such as stearin, ceresin, parafline, mineral wax glcetaceum), wax and )the like is required w ich addition raises the solidification temperature.

In order to further raise the solidification temperature and to make the consistency articularlyin the boiled condition, i. e. 1n the sol condition, more aste like a resin, for instance amber, copa, dammar, sandarac, mastic, common resin, gum benzoin and so on is added either in solution or in another form permitting its finest distribution.

Ill

the mixture thereafter in a colloid mill.-

The atomization may be effected in any known manner, for instance by projecting the solution under a high pressure against a polished plate of agate. This method is preferably carried out in vacuo and at ele- .vated temperatures in order to accelerate stick to the fingers and may the hand like a soft putty, 1. e. in its sol-. condition the mass is plastic like the clay" the precipitation of the mist on the one hand and the rapid evaporation of the solvent on the other hand; the solvent may be' recovered by removing and condensing it.

To the thus prepared mass certain other body substances are added, the most important of which are:

Bismutum subnitricum or another bismuth salt as an antispectie and tanning addition as tannic acid or alum, which influences the behaviour of the mass towards gypsum, and different fibrous materials such as silk, nettle, cotton and so on in order to enhance the body structure and internal coherence of the mass, whereby particularly in the application of the mass for artistic or sculptural purposes it is rendered possible to apply the mass by means of a brush and a spatula to the surfaces of a living model as well as to vertical surfaces (for instance to the face to be copied of a sitting living model) without having to fear that the mass dro s off or flows oil". It is only essential that the fibres are extremely soft, not strong and hard like wool of sheep, and that they are entirely uniformly distributed and kept floating in a liquid basic substance.

A mass formed in the manner above described has in its sol-condition the character of putty or dough so that it may be pressed into the teeth spoon and does not flow ofi. the spoon turned upside down. As an example of the composition the following is given- Parts. Mucilaginous vegetable substances 540 Substances in powdered form 150 Fibrous substances 100 Caoutehouc -s 90 Fatty substances 110 Resins 10 Water 8000 These proportions will be varied according to thedesired consistency and the purposes for which the composition is to be used,.but the water will always be present in large quantity, so that the substance will remain as a hydro-colloid.

In its sol-condition the mass does not be knead in.

used by sculptors. Previous to its use it is boiled during two minutes in a specially constructed syringe and is thereby sterilized.

The insertion into the oral cavity is effected without exerting any considerable pressure on the teeth and the soft parts of the gum are not squeezed away. It solidifies within the mouth, i. e. at body temperature within one minute and a half. In its solidified or gel condition the mass is elastic, but has not the character of caoutehouc. it is similar to the latter in as much-as it is a mass of strong consistency, which resumes its original shape after having been distorted, however in contradistinction to caoutchouc, the mass remains reversible, so that it can be readily brought into its sol condition by heat, in which it is suitable for moulding purposes at it does not possess then the slig test tension elasticity. The mass is adapted to mould true to nature extensive undercuttings in the oral cavity and obviously other undercuttings, and these mouldings are so accurate that in the latter for instance the pores in the papillar lines of the finger tips may be discovered by means of a microscope. Further the mass in its gel condition never endangers teeth or artificial teeth of the patient.

The mass has no unpleasant taste nor odour. -After it has been removed from the oral cavigy it may immediately and without any urther preparation be filled with gypsum for producing the positive casting. It may be removed from the gypsum positive without any trouble, it is not necessary to steep the negative into a liquid or to heat it, the positive is completely smooth and it is not endangered during the removal of the mould as the latter is suilicicntly resilient and if the removal is skilfully performed it is even possible to utilize the negative or the mould several times for casting the positive in.

The mass does not grow mouldy even if it is left to stand for a long time and it does not putrefy; as it is reversible it may be boiled repeatedly whereb it is sterilized and may be used again. he mass may also be introduced into the oral cavity in the form of a small ball in" order to obtain an not impaired, no quills or other auxiliary means need to be inserted into the nostrils. Further moulds of the lifeless model may be made without necessitating previous preparation and without the aid of caps (as the moulding does not occur by casting the mass on the model but by applying it by means of a spatula or a brush). Extensive undercuttings ma be moulded, thus rendering partial mould s obsolete and the applied mass solidifies within a few minutes instead of within many hours as is the case with the hitherto used masses built up of glue and glycerine.

Other modifications of the basic composition are utilized for cosmetic purposes and the like, and experience has shown that with a definite composition of the mass the latter exerts a comforting influence on the skin. This action on the skin is, however, not

therapeutic in its proper sense but is based on purely physical conditions. Most likely it is caused on one side by causing a vivid hyperaemia of the skin, on the other side by the generally lentitive action of colloids and thirdly by a powerful romotion' of the transpiration on account 0 the microscopi- 1 cally uninterrupted bearing of the covering mass, which at the same time absorbs the transpired liquid, the secretions and the pathogenous germs into the hydrophile colloidal covering. This action inherent to the basic composition may be favourably utilized and promoted by adding various known substance which are proper medicaments.

Besides the moulding hollows of the oral cavity the mass in pastry consistence may obviously be utilized for moulding other hollows of the bod for instance for moulding the orifice of t e uterus if suitable instruments are used.

paste down to the viscosityof honey in accordance with the pur ose for which. the

mass is intended. For unction tests in the oral cavity the stiifest paste serves best while for cosmetic purposes a more liquid condition is suitable.

The degree of consistency or of viscosity respectively may be regulated very easily by a more or less complete evaporation. The more liquid masses are preferably stored in tubes and not in tins in order'to insure their sterility.

The ratio between the 'basicsubstance and the above mentioned additions fluctuates natural-1y very largely in accordance with the intended-purpose and the utilized ma-' terials. It depends for instance largely on the power of swelling of theused gelatineous substances, on the'solubility of the resin, on.

the employed solvent, on the degree of fattiness of the wax-like substance, and so on.

Further only small quantities of such addi tions can be given to the mixturein the liquid state as then the basic mucila e can be maintained less easy in semi-coloidal condition.

' In the stiff form of the paste each single addition should not exceed half the dry weight of the gelatine forming basic substance, except if the latter has a power of swelling which enables it to absorb considerably more water than the fifteen fold of its weight when dried and to form under these conditions a proper mucilage.

Obviously there is no-fixed limit as to the minimum contents of the additions, by reducing these the mass gets by degrees weaker and less suitable and loses its characteristic features more and more. Only saving in the initial costs, i. e. considerations re the higher or lower market price determine the lower limit. The ratio between the additional substances is, as a rule, that of equal parts, if the special purpose to which the mass has to be applied does not demand a deviation from this rule, in this manner, for instance for cosmetic purposes the addition of resin may be reduced or increased depending on the special purposes.

I claim: I

1. A plastic composition, containing as a,

basic substance reversible hydro-colloid obtained from mucilaginous vegetable matter and from substances having gelatinous character, and caoutchouc incorporated in the substance in a very fine distribution. The consistency may be varied from a stiff 3. A plastic composition, containing as a basic substance reversible hydro-colloid obtained from mucilaginous vegetable matter and from substances having gelatinous character, caoutchouc incorporated in the basic substance in a very fine distribution, fatty "substances, and resins incorporated in the basic substance in a very fine distribution.

4. A new composition of matter, containing as a basic substance reversible hydrocolloids obtained from mucilaginous vegetable matter and from substances having gelatinous character, caoutchouc incorporated in the basic substance in a very fine distribution, fatty substances, and resins incorporated in the basic substance in a very fine distribution, and fibrous material uniforml distributedin the basic substance.

5. 1 plastic composition, containing as a basic substance reversible hydro-colloids obtained from hai-thao and dschin dschen, and caoutchouc incorporated in the basic substance in a very fine'distribution.

6. A plastic composition containing as a basic substance reversible hydro-colloid obtained from hai-thao and dschin-dschen, caoutchouc incor orated in the basic substance in a ve ine distribution, and fatty substances of t e character of stearin, wax, cetaceum, paraflin, ceresln and the like, said fatty substances being incorporated in the basic substance in a very fine distribution.

7. A lastic composition, containing as a basic su stance reversible h dro-colloidsobtained from hai-thao an dschin-dschen, caoutchouc incorporated in the basic substance in a very fine distribution, wax and copal, said .wax and resin of the character of stearin, wax, cetaceum, paraflin, ceresin and the like, and resins such as copal, amber,

idammar, mastic and the like, said fatty substances and said resins being incorporated in the basic substance in a very fine distribution.

8. A plastic composition, containin as a basic substance reversible h dro-colloi s obtained from ha-i-thao an caoutchoucincor orated in the basic .substance in a very e distribution, wax and, resin, said wax and resin being incorporated in the basic substance in a ver fine distribution, and vegetable fibres, sai fibres being uniformly distributed in thesaid basic subdschin-dschen,

11. A plastic h dro-colloid composition containin a base 0 a solution of a reversible hydro-col oid, a thickener of unvulcanized rubber, an unctious solid substance to reduce solidification temperature and a fibrous filler in sustained floating condition'in the mass. 12. A plastic h dro-colloid composition containin a base 0 a solution of a reversible hydro-colloid, a thickener of unvulcanized rubber, an unctious organic solid substance to reduce stickiness, a resinous substance to raise the solidification temperature and a tanning substance to control the action of the composition toward gypsum used to cast a positive therefrom.

13. A plastic h drocolloid composition containing a base 0 a solution of a reversible hydro-colloid, a thickener of unvulcanized rubber, an unctious organic solid substance to reduce stickiness, a resinoussubstance to raise the solidification temperature, an antiseptic and a tanning substance.

. 14. A plastic h dro-colloid composition containin a base 0 a solution of a reversible hydro-col oid, a thickener of unvulcanized rubber, an unctious solid substance to reduce stickiness, a resinous substance to raise the solidification temperature, an antise tie, a tanning substance and a vegetable brous filler maintained floating in the composition. 15. A plastic composition comprising a reversible h .dro-colloid base, rubber finely' incorporate therein, a wax, a resin, glycerine, fibre and water intimately mixed to plastic condition rapidly hardeningat temperatures of the to lastic condition again.

11 testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification. i

ALPHONS POLLEB human body, and reversible stickiness, a resinous substance to raise the' 

